^^^ Custom Made Diagram ^^^
Matter can change between different states through phase changes, which happen when temperature or pressure changes. The most common transitions are melting, where a solid turns into a liquid, and boiling or evaporation, where a liquid becomes a gas. For example, when ice is heated, the packed, organized particles gain energy and loosen into a liquid, like the water in the diagram. If heated even more, the particles move even faster and spread out completely into a gas, like steam. However, matter can sometimes skip a step sublimation happens when a solid turns directly into a gas, like dry ice turning into carbon dioxide vapor, while deposition is when a gas turns straight into a solid, like frost forming on a cold surface. Pressure also plays a big role in these changes; lowering the pressure makes it easier for a substance to become a gas, while increasing it helps keep particles closer together, maintaining a liquid or solid state. The way particles are arranged tightly packed in solids, looser in liquids, and far apart in gases explains why these phase changes happen the way they do.